diff --git a/01.curriculum/01.physics-chemistry-biology/03.niv3/02.geometrical-optics/02.geometrical-optics-foundings/01.concept-ray-of-light/02.concept-ray-of-light-overview/cheatsheet.en.md b/01.curriculum/01.physics-chemistry-biology/03.niv3/02.geometrical-optics/02.geometrical-optics-foundings/01.concept-ray-of-light/02.concept-ray-of-light-overview/cheatsheet.en.md deleted file mode 100644 index 352a03cd7..000000000 --- a/01.curriculum/01.physics-chemistry-biology/03.niv3/02.geometrical-optics/02.geometrical-optics-foundings/01.concept-ray-of-light/02.concept-ray-of-light-overview/cheatsheet.en.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: 'The concept of light ray ' -media_order: 'rays_forest.jpg,viajar1.jpg,OG_rayons_foret.mp3,OG_rayons_foret.ogg' ---- - -### Fundamentals of geometric optics - -#### Geometric optics:
a simple physical model. - -Its *fundamentals* are: -* The concept of **light ray** : oriented trajectory of light energy -* The concept of **refractive index** : characterizes the apparent speed of light in a homogeneous medium -* The **Fermat's principle** - -##### Ray of light - -![](rays_forest.jpg) - - - -[AUDIO : _the intuition of the "ray of light" during a walk in the forest_](OG_rayons_foret.mp3) - -The **light rays** are *oriented lines* that in each of their points indicate the *direction of propagation of the luminous energy*. - -The light rays follow *straight lines in a homogeneous medium*. - -Light rays *do not interact with each other* - -##### The refraction index - -**Refractive Index $`n`$**        -**$`n \; = \; \dfrac{c}{v}`$** -* **`c`** : *speed of light in vacuum* (absolute limit) -* **`v`** : *speed of light in the middle* homogeneous - -**$`\Longrightarrow \: : \: n`$** : physical dimension **without dimension** and **always > 1**. - -Dependency : **$`n \; = \; n (\nu) \; \; \; `$**, or **$` \; \; \; n \; = \; n (\lambda_0) \; \ ; \; `$** *(with $`\lambda_0`$ wavelength in vacuum)* - - - -!! TO GO FURTHER : -!! -!! over the entire electromagnetic spectrum and for any medium: -!! $`n`$: complex value dependent on the $\nu$ frequency of the electromagnetic wave, strong variations representative of all light / matter interaction mechanisms: $`n (\nu) = \Re[n(\nu )] + \Im[n(\nu)]`$
-!! -!! In the visible domain (where $`\lambda_0`$ is more used than $`\nu`$) and for transparent medium :
-!! real value, small variations of $`n`$ with $`\lambda_0`$ $`\left(\frac{\Delta n}{n} < 1\%\right)`$ - -##### Optical path - -**optical path** *$`\delta`$*      $`=`$ -**euclidean length** *$`s`$*     $`\times`$    **refractive index** *$`n`$* - -* **$`\Gamma`$** : *path (solid line) between 2 fixed points A and B* -* **$`\mathrm{d}s_P`$** : *element of infinitesimal length at point P on path $`\Gamma`$* -* **$` n_P`$** : *refractive index at point P* -* **$`\mathrm{d}\delta_P`$** : *infinitesimal optical path at point P on path $`\Gamma`$* - -Optical path along a path between 2 fixed points A and B : -**$`\delta\;=\;\displaystyle\int_{P \in \Gamma}\mathrm{d}\delta_P\;`$$`=\;\displaystyle\int_{P \in \Gamma}n_P\cdot\mathrm{d}s_P`$** - -* **$`\delta`$** $`=\displaystyle\int_{\Gamma}n\cdot\mathrm{d}s\;=\;\int_{\Gamma}\dfrac{c}{v}\cdot\mathrm{d}s`$ = $`c\;\displaystyle\int_{\Gamma}\dfrac{\mathrm{d}s}{v}`$ = *$`\;c\;\tau`$* -* **$`\delta`$** is *proportional to the travel time*. -