From ac084e03a707a788a425c5afe04cd321e42d3d15 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Claude Meny Date: Sat, 20 Mar 2021 09:33:53 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] Delete cheatsheet.en.md --- .../03.lens/02.lens-overview/cheatsheet.en.md | 172 ------------------ 1 file changed, 172 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 01.curriculum/01.physics-chemistry-biology/03.niv3/02.geometrical-optics/05.paraxial-optics/02.paraxial-optics-simple-elements/03.lens/02.lens-overview/cheatsheet.en.md diff --git a/01.curriculum/01.physics-chemistry-biology/03.niv3/02.geometrical-optics/05.paraxial-optics/02.paraxial-optics-simple-elements/03.lens/02.lens-overview/cheatsheet.en.md b/01.curriculum/01.physics-chemistry-biology/03.niv3/02.geometrical-optics/05.paraxial-optics/02.paraxial-optics-simple-elements/03.lens/02.lens-overview/cheatsheet.en.md deleted file mode 100644 index 10fb55a04..000000000 --- a/01.curriculum/01.physics-chemistry-biology/03.niv3/02.geometrical-optics/05.paraxial-optics/02.paraxial-optics-simple-elements/03.lens/02.lens-overview/cheatsheet.en.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,172 +0,0 @@ ---- -title : lens-overview -published: false -visible: false -media_order: 'lens-convergent-N3-en.jpeg,lens-divergent-N3-en.jpeg,Const_lens_conv_point_AavantF2.gif,thick-lens-water-air.gif,Lentille_epaisse_Gauss_incl_v1.gif,2-centered-refracting-surfaces-1-all.gif,2-refracting-surface-physical-system.jpeg,2-centered-refracting-surfaces-direction-axis.gif,Lentille_epaisse_principe_ok.gif,lentille_relle_representation_v1.gif,Const_lens_conv_point_AapresO.gif,lens-convergent-N3-es.jpeg,lens-convergent-N3-fr.jpeg,lens-divergent-N3-es.jpeg,lens-divergent-N3-fr.jpeg' ---- -TO REWRITE COMPLETELY - - -### Two successive and centered spherical refracting surfaces - -!!! *WHERE YOU ARE* :
-!!! Observation $`\Rightarrow`$ Geometrical optic interpretation $`\Rightarrow`$ Fermat's Principle $`\Rightarrow`$ -The 5 optical laws $`\Rightarrow`$ Paraxial approximation $`\Rightarrow`$ Simple optical element $`\Rightarrow`$ System -of 2 simple optical elements. - -! *THIS CHAPTER AIMS AT* : -! * Deeply understand and better master thin lenses.
-! * Understand when the lens equation and the coresponding transverse magnification expression can be used, and when they are not correct. -! * Understand need and requirement of new concepts to master esaily and efficientlynext main chapter "Centered optical systems". - -*Two successive and centered spherical refracting surfaces* = **thick lens** - -##### Thick lens as a physical system - -**Physical system** = *spatial distribution of the refracting indexes values* (_variations of refracting index can -be discontinuous with interfaces (_refracting surfaces, lenses, mirrors_) or continuous (graded-index optical fiber)_. - -**Optical system** = *oriented physical system* = *physical systems + bodies (1) + a direction (2)*
-* (1) : which emit, diffuse or reflect the ambiant light. -* (2) : direction of light propagation considered through the physical system. - -**Difference** between physical and optical system in optics : - -Example of the lensball : -Physical system of a lensball : - -**Thick lens** physical system :
-Most general : *3 different transparent media with their own refractive index values*, and *2 local spherical interfaces* -that separate these media, and *centered on the straigth line* that joins their centers of curvature._ - -**Examples** in images : - -![](2-refracting-surface-physical-system.jpeg) - -##### Thick lens as an optical system - -**Optical system** = *oriented physical system* = *physical systems + bodies (1) + a direction (2)* - -* (1) : which emit, diffuse or reflec the ambiant light -* (2) : direction of light propagation considered through the two refracting surfaces. - -*From physical system to optical system* : **a scenario to build** : -* Where is the object that is imaged ? -* In what direction are we searching for images ? -* what are the reflecting or refracting interfaces we take into account. - - - - -_The physical system consists of two bubble aquariums side by side. In each of them, a fish, and the two fish, Jones and -Tessa face each other. These two situations correspond to two optical systems: "Tessa looks at Jones" and "Jones looks at Tessa" -(the order of crossing of the refracting surfaces by the light is reversed in both cases). In the situtation we want to describe, -the direction of the light is indicated (the brown arrow in the figures)_ - -**Graphical representation** (drawing) and **analytical representation** (*3 algebraic distances* : 2 radius of curvature -$`\overline{S_1C_1}`$, $`\overline{S_2C_2}`$,+ distance between the two vertices of the refracting surfaces $`\overline{S_1S_2}`$ -*when used in the paraxial (or same, gaussian) approximation, so when considered in paraxial optics. - -_ In order to identify conjugated points, to construct the final image of a specific object for example, the optical axis -of the optical system is plotted, vertices and centers of curvature of spherical refracting surfaces are localised on the optica -l axis. Because - - - -!!! Thick lens - - - - -![](thick-lens-water-air.gif) - -![](2-centered-refracting-surfaces-1-all.gif) - -![](2-centered-refracting-surfaces-direction-axis.gif) - -![](thick-lens-water-air.gif) - -![](Const_lens_conv_point_AapresO.gif) - -![](Const_lens_conv_point_AavantF2.gif) - -![](Lentille_epaisse_Gauss_incl_v1.gif) - -![](thick-lens-water-air.gif) - -![](Lentille_epaisse_principe_ok.gif) - -![](lentille_relle_representation_v1.gif) - - -### The thin lens - -##### Objective -to **focuse or disperse the light**,
-with often the final goal, alone or as part of optical instruments, to **realize images**. - -##### Physical principle -**uses the refractive phenomenon**, described by the Snell-Descartes' law. - -##### Characterization of its efficiency -(efficiency to realize its objective) - -**Vergence** = **dioptric power** V of the lens : - -* **unit** : in S.I. : the *diopter*, of symbol $`\delta`$
- 1 diopter = 1 $`\delta`$ = 1 $`m^{-1}`$). -* **positive vergence** ($`V>0)\:\Longleftrightarrow`$ *light focalisation : convergent lens*.
-* **negative vergence** ($`V<0)\:\Longleftrightarrow`$ *light dispersion : divergent lens*.
-* **absolute value** of the vergence ($`|V|`$) : *increases as the optical phenomenon (focalisation or dispersion) increases* -* (as the corresponding deviation of light rays increases).
-* **interest** : The *total vergence* of several __contiguous thin lenses__ is the *sum of the vergences of each of the lenses* : $`V=\sum V_i`$. - -or (equivalent) - -**image focal length** $`f'`$ of the lens : - -* **positive $`f'`$** ($`f'>0)\:\Longleftrightarrow`$ *focuses light : convergent lens*
-* **negative $`f'`$** ($`f'<0)\:\Longleftrightarrow`$ *disperse light : divergent lens*
-* **absolute value of $`f'`$** ($`|f'|`$) : *decreases as the optical phenomenon (focalisation or dispersion) increases*.
-* **interest** : For thin lenses, the **algebraic value of $f'$** give the *position of the plane* (perpendicular to -* the optical axis) and from the lens center *where the image of an object at infinity takes place*. - -! Nearby in all application, same medium (same refractive index) in both sides of the lens :
-! $`\Longrightarrow`$ object focal lenght $`f`$ is the opposite of image focal length $`f'`$ : $`f=-f'`$
-! $`\Longrightarrow`$ only absolute value $`|f'|`$ of $`f'`$ is given, and the lens is specified to be convergeng or divergent. - -**Relation between vergence (dioptric power), image and object focal lengthes** - -if the refractive index $`n_{ini}`$ of the medium in which the incident light on the lens propagates, and $`n_{fin}`$ of the medium -in which the light emerges from the lens, then : - -$`V=-\dfrac{n_{ini}}{f}=+\dfrac{n_{fin}}{f'}`$ - -##### Constitution - -Piece of **glass, quartz, plastic** (for visible and near infrared and UV).
-**Rotationally symmetrical**,
-**Thin**,
-**2 polished surfaces** perpendicular to its axis of symmetry, **either or both curved** (and most often spherical). - -##### Classification of thin lenses - -**Convergent lenses** = **positive lenses** - -![](lens-convergent-N3-en.jpeg) - -**Divergent lenses** = **negative lenses** - -![](lens-divergent-N3-en.jpeg) - -### Brief chronology - -### Modeling a lens - -##### - -