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@ -104,8 +104,8 @@ defined, and therefore the spherical refracting surface becomes *quasi-stigmatic |
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#### Gauss conditions / paraxial approximation and quasi-stigmatism |
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When spherical refracting surfaces are used under the following conditions, named **Gauss conditions** :<br> |
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\- All *incident rays lie close to the optical axis*<br> |
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\- The *angles of incidence and refraction are small*<br> |
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(the rays are slightly inclined on the optical axis, and intercept the spherical surface in the vicinity of its vertex)<br> |
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Then *the spherical refracting surfaces* can be considered *quasi-stigmatic*, and therefore they can be used to build optical images. |
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Mathematically, when an angle $`\alpha`$ is small $`\alpha < or \approx 10 ^\circ`$, the following approximations can be made :<br> |
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